An Integrated Socio-Ecological Framework for Sustainable Coastal and Marine Tourism in Indonesia

Shafira Bilqis Annida; Faqih Baihaqi

doi:10.55927/63jszz44

Authors

Shafira Bilqis Annida Marine Tourism Study Program, Vocational of Studies, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor Author
Faqih Baihaqi Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/63jszz44

Keywords:

Coastal and Marine Tourism, Socio-Ecological Systems, Carrying Capacity, Community Empowerment, Local Governance

Abstract

This study develops an integrated socio-ecological framework for sustainable coastal and marine tourism in Indonesia. An integrative literature review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with 16 empirical and review-based publications forming the core evidence. A hybrid deductive-inductive thematic approach synthesized evidence across five interrelated dimensions: biodiversity and ecological integrity, tourism suitability and carrying capacity, coastal livelihoods, community empowerment, and local wisdom and governance. The findings reveal reciprocal interactions through feedbacks, trade-offs, synergies, and adaptive responses, while external pressures include tourism demand, pollution, coastal development, climate-related change, and institutional policies. The framework provides a conceptual basis for more integrated, context-sensitive, and adaptive coastal and marine tourism planning

References

Annida, S. B., & Baihaqi, F. (2024). Fishing season estimation for tuna troll line fishing fleet at Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port, Sukabumi, Indonesia. Omni-Akuatika, 20(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2024.20.2.1151

Annida, S., & Baihaqi, F. (2025). Capture fisheries business analysis of handline fishing fleet at Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port, Indonesia. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29(3), 685-696. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2025.427982

Annida, S. B., Baihaqi, F., Fadillah, K. L., Centia, S., Rahmawati, R., & Wahyuningtias, Y. (2025). Marine tourism suitability index and ecological carrying capacity on the west and east coasts of Pangandaran, Indonesia. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29(5), 295-316. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2025.419344.6500

Annida, S. B., Baihaqi, F., Rahmawati, R., & Wahyuningtias, Y. S. (2026a). Tourism suitability index and ecological carrying capacity in the Citepus, Karang Hawu, and Cikaso Beaches, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. Media Konservasi, 31(1), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.31.1.44

Annida, S. B., Baihaqi, F., Wahyunintyas, Y. S., Rahmawati, R., Fadillah, K. L., & Centia, S. (2026b). Coastal tourism suitability and carrying capacity index in Pangandaran Beach, West Java Province. Tropical Fisheries Management Journal, 9(2), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.29244/jppt.9.2.83-88

Annida, S. B., Rahmawati, R., Kirani, C. Y., Cinta, C. A., Averouse, D. R., Rahmani, F. A. N., Priatna, K., Sabina, R., Al-Hidayat, S. A., Ramadhani, S. K., & Baihaqi, F. (2026c). Literature study on the existence of institutional forms based on local wisdom awig-awig of Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS), 4(1), 871-884. https://doi.org/10.55927/jhvxzd47

Annida, S. B., Rahmawati, R., & Baihaqi, F. (2024). Potential and development of marine tourism at Madasari Beach Pangandaran District, Indonesia. International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS), 1(9), 463-470. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijcs.v1i9.10409

Annida, S. B., & Taofiqurohman, A. (2024). Community empowerment strategy in maritime tourism: A qualitative approach in Pari Island, Thousand Islands, Indonesia. International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS), 2(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijcs.v2i1.12293

Annida, S. B., Zulkarnain, Wahju, R. I., Simanjuntak, C. P. H., Baihaqi, F., Prabowo, T., & Budiman, M. S. (2021). Fish catches diversity of the glass eel fishery in Cikaso and Cimandiri estuaries, Sukabumi, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 322, 03007. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132203007

Baihaqi, F., & Annida, S. B. (2024). The social and cultural impact of marine tourism on coastal communities: A qualitative study at Tanjung Lesung Beach. International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS), 2(1), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijcs.v2i1.12295

Baltranaitė, E., Inácio, M., Valença Pinto, L., Bogdziewicz, K., Rocha, J., Gomes, E., & Pereira, P. (2025). Tourism impacts on marine and coastal ecosystem services: A systematic review. Geography and Sustainability, 6(2), 100277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100277

Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C. (2000). Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Applications, 10(5), 1251–1262.

Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107

Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 253-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002

Kimbu, A. N., Booyens, I., & Winchenbach, A. (2022). Livelihood diversification through tourism: Identity, well-being, and potential in rural coastal communities. Tourism Review International, 26(1), 25-40. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427221X16245632411854

McCool, S. F., & Lime, D. W. (2001). Tourism carrying capacity: Tempting fantasy or useful reality? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9(5), 372-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580108667409

Ostrom, E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science, 325(5939), 419-422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172133

Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20(2), 245-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00069-7

Setiyanto, I., Wijayanto, D., Wibowo, B. A., & Dewi, D. A. N. N. (2023). Important-performance analysis of marine tourism development in Karimunjawa Island. AACL Bioflux, 16(6), 2912–2922.

Suradja, I., Asih, T. S., Basir, Dyspriani, D. P., Lionata, H., Marsiyono, A., Nugraha, B. A., Palupi, T. I., Salam, I. A. P., Sierra Castillo, L., Toldo, A., Trisnawati, A., & Aceves-Bueno, E. (2024). Alternating livelihoods and coping with shocks: An examination of coastal tourism in Indonesia amidst COVID-19. Marine Policy, 170, 106379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106379

Tao, T. C. H., & Wall, G. (2009). Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy. Tourism Management, 30(1), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.03.009

Taofiqurohman, A., Ismail, M. R., Agung, M. U. K., Zallesa, S., Annida, S. B., & Wibawanti, P. (2024). Litter management strategies on Sukabumi beaches, Indonesia: Implementing the clean coast index and beach typology. AACL Bioflux, 17(6), 2407-2426. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl

Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(5), 546-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x

Wiwin, I. W. (2021). Implementasi Tri Hita Karana dalam pengembangan ekowisata menuju pariwisata berkelanjutan di Bukit Cemeng Kabupaten Bangli. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), 11(2), 353-368. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2021.v11.i02.p06