The Effect of Workload and Job Stress on Work Discipline with Work-Life Balance as a Mediation

Fadhila Sania Thufailah; Andriyastuti Suratman

doi:10.55927/vtecsv03

Authors

Fadhila Sania Thufailah Fakultas Bisnis Dan Ekonomika, Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Author
Andriyastuti Suratman Fakultas Bisnis Dan Ekonomika, Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/vtecsv03

Keywords:

Workload, Job Stress, Work Discipline, Work-Life Balance, Mediation

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of workload and job stress on work discipline, with work-life balance as a mediating variable, based on the Job Demands-Resources and Conservation of Resources theories. This quantitative study used a Likert scale questionnaire survey on retail employees in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with 135 respondents through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results show that workload and job stress have a significant negative effect on work discipline and work-life balance, while work-life balance positively affects work discipline and mediates the influence of both variables. Practically, companies are advised to adjust workloads and support work-life balance

References

Akaighe, G., Roodbari, H., Pepple, D., Titus, O., & Orekoya, I. (2025). Too stressed to be psychologically present at work? Employee job stress and psychological withdrawal behaviours in organisations. Human Resource Development International, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2025.253526

Alifah, A. F., Lukman, & Hilwa Anwar. (2023). Work-Family Conflict dan Tingkat Stres Kerja Pada Ibu Bekerja yang Mengalami Long Work Hours. PESHUM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora, 3(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.56799/peshum.v3i1.2650

Anwar, M. K., & Yusuf, M. (2023). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Puskesmas Wawo Kabupaten Bima. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Ekonomi Kreatif, 1(4), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.59024/jumek.v1i4.220

Arif, A. L., Rivai, H. A., & Yulihasri, Y. (2022). Impact of Job Stress on Job Performance of Health Worker with Work Life Balance as Mediating Variable. Management Analysis Journal, 11(1), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.15294/maj.v11i1.55012

Arifin, S., & Rizana, D. (2024). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Work-Life Balance, dan Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik Terhadap Displin Kerja(Studi pada Pegawai Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kebumen). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA), 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.32639/2rmhze30

Aruldoss, A., Kowalski, K. B., & Parayitam, S. (2021). The relationship between quality of work life and work-life-balance mediating role of job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment: Evidence from India. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(1), 36–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-05-2020-0082

Aspek.id. (2024). Survei: Tingkat Stres Karyawan di Indonesia Paling Rendah di Asia Tenggara. https://aspek.id/survei-tingkat-stres-karyawan-di-indonesia-paling-rendah-di-asia-tenggara/

Azizah, N., & Wahyudi, W. (2024). Pengaruh Work Life Balance, Reward, dan Pengawasan terhadap Disiplin Kerja: (Studi Kasus Pada Karyawan PT Kharisma Autokreasi Permai di Kota Tangerang). Global Leadership Organizational Research in Management, 2(4), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.59841/glory.v2i4.1707

Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Ten Years Later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933

Demirkasımoğlu, N., & Tekin, S. (2023). An Analysis of the Relationship between Teachers’ Workload and Work-Life Balance. International Journal of Turkish Education Sciences, 2023(21), 893–937. https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.1209332

Febriana, S., Piscesta, F., & Putranto, Y. A. (2022). Pengaruh Work-Life Balance Terhadap Stres Kerja Pada Akuntan Pendidik Di Kota Palembang. Jurnal Informasi Akuntansi (JIA), 1(2). https://doi.org/10.32524/jia.v1i2.655

Febriyanti, N. P. D., & Satrya, I. G. B. H. (2025). PERAN WORK LIFE BALANCE MEMEDIASI PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 14(7), 496–509. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2025.v14.i7.p02

Hafizah, H., Dharma, R., & Irfani, H. (2024). Pengaruh beban kerja dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan disiplin kerja pada RS kelas D Pasaman Timur. Journal of Science Education and Management Business, 3(2), 148–158. https://doi.org/10.62357/joseamb.v3i2.302

Hanan, M. (2020). PENGARUH STRES KERJA TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (Studi Kasus PT. Infomedia Nusantara Agent Tier 1 Komplain Call Center 147 Malang). September, 5. https://doi.org/10.33474/jimmu.v5i2.8900

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of Resources. https://doi.org/DOI:%2010.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

Huda, T., Perceka, A. L., Erlinawati, N. A., & Rusyani, H. (2024). The Relationship Between Job Weight and Work Situation with Nurses’ Work Discipline. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(3), 981–998. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10583

Indriani, Y., Joesyiana, K., & Lussianda, E. O. (2023). Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Divisi Perkreditan PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Kantor Kas Hangtuah. Jurnal Ekonomi Utama, 2(3), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.55903/juria.v2i3.129

Inegbedion, H., Inegbedion, E., Peter, A., & Harry, L. (2020). Perception of workload balance and employee job satisfaction in work organisations. Heliyon, 6(1), e03160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03160

Isnaini, E. N., Puryanti, P., Djunawan, A., & Nanggala, V. P. (2025). Analisis Faktor Organisasi yang Mempengaruhi Disiplin Kerja Pegawai RS XX. Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 4(10), 1815–1820. https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v4i10.2661

Jaya, U. A., Priyana, I., Albar, F. M., Hodijah, C., & Novitasari, Y. (2025). PENYULUHAN PENINGKATAN PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA SERTA KUALITAS PELAYANAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN. 6(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46306/jabb.v6i1.1676

Kartika, P. D., & Riana, I. G. (2024). Peran Work-Life Balance dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Stres Kerja Karyawan: (Studi pada Perusahaan Umum Daerah Air Minum Tirta Sewakadarma Denpasar). Journal of Business, Finance, and Economics (JBFE), 5(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.32585/jbfe.v5i1.5116

Khoirunnisa, R., Kurniawan, I. S., & Lysander, M. A. S. (2025). The Influence of Servant Leadership, Work Environment, Work Discipline, and Compensation on Employee Job Satisfaction. MARGINAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING GENERAL FINANCE AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ISSUES, 4(4), 974–984. https://doi.org/10.55047/marginal.v4i4.1849

Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Yazdanirad, S., Hatamnejad, Y., Khatooni, E., Kabir, S., & Tajpoor, A. (2021). The relations of job stress dimensions to safety climate and accidents occurrence among the workers. Heliyon, 7(9), e08082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08082

Khotimah, A. H., & Nardo, R. (2025). Work-Life Balance and Workload on Employee Work Stress. CAKRAWALA : Management Science Journal, 2(3), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.63541/e7f9rc75

Kim, E.-J., & Park, S. (2025). Work–life balance in remote working: Does organizational support matter? Employee Relations: The International Journal, 47(6), 889–906. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2025-0071

Kim, M.-H., Choi, W., Lee, W., & Jung, J.-W. (2024). A study of the factors and correlations influencing the safety level, job stress and job satisfaction of workers in small business in Korea. Heliyon, 10(21), e40023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40023

Kumparan.com. (2026). Alfamart Targetkan 800 Gerai Baru di Indonesia pada 2026. https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/alfamart-targetkan-800-gerai-baru-di-indonesia-pada-2026-26jCMfZpbmE/full

Kumpikaite-Valiuniene, V., Pinto, L. H., & Gurbanov, T. (2022). COVID-19: Prevalence of job-demands, stress, work–life difficulties and work–life balance among international business travelers. Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research, 10(2), 172–191. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-03-2021-0030

Lahav, E., & Shavit, T. (2025). The perceived impact of current work–life balance on one’s financial future. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 46, 101047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2025.101047

Latama, Z. N., Muhardi, M., & Aspiranti, T. (2022). Pengaruh Psychological Distress Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Work-Life Balance Perawat Di Pandemi-Covid-19. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Performa, 19(01), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.29313/performa.v19i01.9717

Liu, Y.-M., Ho, L.-H., Jane, S.-W., & Fan, J.-Y. (2025). Effectiveness of a transition program in enhancing newly graduated nurses’ resilience, work stress, job satisfaction, and clinical performance in post-graduate year training programs: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education Today, 155, 106875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106875

Mahanani, F. P., Subiyanto, D., & Lysander, M. A. S. (2026). Pengaruh Work-Life Balance, Budaya Organisasi, dan Reward Terhadap Disiplin Kerja. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi), 12(1), 441–451. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v12i1.5760

Masruddin, N. P. D., Saharuddin, S., & Hasbi, A. R. (2025). The Effect of Work Discipline and Workload on Employee Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 6(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v6i1.1581

Maysarah, N., Hasira, V. R., & Bara, Z. A. B. (2025). Pengaruh Pelatihan, Beban Kerja, Dan Lingkungan kerja Terhadap Disiplin Karyawan. https://doi.org/DOI:%20https://doi.org/10.37531/mirai.v10i1.8632

Mazzola, J. J., & Disselhorst, R. (2019). Should we be “challenging” employees?: A critical review and meta‐analysis of the challenge‐hindrance model of stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(8), 949–961. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2412

Nordin, M. N. B., Mustafa, M. Z. B., & Razzaq, A. R. B. A. (2020). Regression between Headmaster Leadership, Task Load and Job Satisfaction of Special Education Integration Program Teacher. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 1356–1362. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080428

Nurfauzi, M. R., & Suratman, A. (2023). The Influence of Social Support and Flexible Work Arrangement on Deviant Workplace Behavior with Work-Life Balance as A Mediating Variable: Case Study on Startup Employee in Yogyakarta. 02(05). https://journal.uii.ac.id/selma/article/view/33503/16600

Nuryasin, N., Jamaludin, M., & Hadady, H. (2024). ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA DAN KEJENUHAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI MELALUI DISIPLIN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI PADA OPD DI KABUPATEN HALMAHERA TENGAH. Humano: Jurnal Penelitian, 15(1), 328–340. https://doi.org/10.33387/humano.v15i1.8519

Paramahamsa, R. (2025). Indomaret vs Alfamart (AMRT) Bersaing Sengit Perluas Jangkauan. https://market.bisnis.com/read/20250626/192/1888163/indomaret-vs-alfamart-amrt-bersaing-sengit-perluas-jangkauan?

Paramita, L., & Supartha, I. W. G. (2022). Role of Work Stress as Mediating Variable between Compensation and Work-Life Balance on Employee Performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(3), 163–167. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.3.1438

Puspitasari, N., Aprilya, N., Rauf, M. A., & Alfarizi, M. I. (2025). The Influence of Workload on Work–Life Balance among Employees in the Mining Sector. Journal of Language and Health, 6(3), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i3.264

Putri, E. A. A., & Primadineska, R. W. (2023). Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja dengan Work Life Balance sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Studi pada Pegawai DPRD Kab. Ngawi). Cakrawangsa Bisnis: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 4(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.35917/cb.v4i1.408

Rahayu, M. P., Rahatisya, P., & Audia, W. N. (2021). PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. BANDUNG MEDIA GRAFIKA. ECOBISMA (JURNAL EKONOMI, BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN), 8(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.36987/ecobi.v8i2.2089

Rais, J. M., & Mardalis, A. (2025). Peran Work-Life Balance Sebagai Variabel Mediasi dalam Pangaruh Media Sosial, Beban Kerja dan Burnout terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Generasi Z. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v7i4.7465

Ramachandaran, S. D., Doraisingam, P., Nuraini, R., & Kumari, S. (2025). Harmonizing work-life Equilibrium: Unveiling academicians’ perspectives in Malaysian Higher Education on work-life balance. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101673

Regen, R., Jamhari, J., Marlius, D., Dona, E., & Hidayat, T. (2025). The Effect Of Training, Workload And Place Of Duty On Employee Discipline. Jurnal Ekobistek, 14(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35134/ekobistek.v13i4.891

Simorangkir, A. C., Pakpahan, B. A. S., & Ariawan, S. (2021). The Role of Leadership In Improving Employee Discipline. Jurnal Christian Humaniora, 5(1), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.46965/jch.v5i1.623

Sundari, P. R. S., & Meria, L. (2022). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Melalui Burnout dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention. ADI Bisnis Digital Interdisiplin Jurnal, 3(2), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.34306/abdi.v3i2.785

Syahriar, M. A., Yusuf, M., & Amar, K. (2025). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Pegawai Pada BLUD UPT Puskesmas Kumbe Kota Bima. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(2), 7776–7781. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i2.1931

Syalsabillah, H., Norfima, S., & Isabella. (2025). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI DISIPLIN KERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR KEMENTERIAN HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN TAHUN 2025. 8. https://doi.org/DOI:%20https://doi.org/10.48093/jiask.v8i1.332

Syarifah, T. H., & Etikariena, A. (2021). KESEIMBANGAN PEKERJAAN DAN KEHIDUPAN PRIBADI SERTA GAYA KERJA BARU, BAGAIMANA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP STRES KERJA? Psycho Idea, 19(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30595/psychoidea.v19i1.9446

Telani, S. G., & Dudija, N. (2025). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Disiplin Kerja Di Rs Kartini Rangkasbitung. file:///D:/25.04.2368_jurnal_eproc.pdf

Triana, N., & Suratman, A. (2022). The Influence of Work Life Balance and Work Discipline on Employee Performance. 01(01). https://journal.uii.ac.id/selma/article/view/23900

TribunJogja. (2026). DIY Masuk Fase “Ageing Population”, Sekda Soroti Pergeseran Persepsi Usia Produktif. https://jogja.tribunnews.com/diy/1214268/diy-masuk-fase-ageing-population-sekda-soroti-pergeseran-persepsi-usia-produktif?page=2

Ugwu, F. O., Ugwu, L. E., Emma-Echiegu, N. B., Nwankwo, O. A., & Onyishi, I. E. (2025). Hindrance job demands and work-life balance: Moderated mediation analysis of perceived overqualification, experience and number of children. Evidence-Based HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-05-2025-0240

Urba, M. A., & Soetjiningsih, C. H. (2022). Hubungan Antara Work Life Balance dan Stres Kerja Pada Karyawan Perusahaan. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.51214/bocp.v4i3.383

Wati, D. L., Darmawati, D., Nikmah, F. K., & Ramadhani, T. R. G. (2025). THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKLOAD AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY. The International Conference on Sustainable Economics Management and Accounting Proceeding, 1, 2448–2460. https://doi.org/10.32424/icsema.1.1.357

Widayana, I. G., Agustina, H., & Mediawati, A. (2025). Factors Associated with Work Life Balance Among Nurses in Hospitals: A Socio-Ecological Scoping Review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Volume 18, 4511–4521. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S534729

Widjaja, W., Rahnjen Wijayadne, D., & Michael, M. (2024). Work dynamics in retail industry: Impact of work intensification, high-performance work systems, and emotional exhaustion. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(3), 370–384. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(3).2024.29

Widyastuti, W., & Pogo, T. (2022). Effect of Human Capital, Work Engagement, Work-Life Balance on Work Productivity through Work Discipline in PT Widodo Makmur Unggas Indonesia. Scholars Bulletin, 8(8), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.36348/sb.2022.v08i08.001

Yhunita, I., & Yunita, Y. (2025). Work Environment on Work Discipline. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 7(3), 876–883. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v7i3.2332