Leadership and Organizational Capacity of Cocoa Farmer Groups in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/3hzpmv90Keywords:
Leadership, Organizational Capacity, Cocoa Farmers, Farmer Groups, Rural DevelopmentAbstract
This study examines leadership and organizational capacity within cocoa farmer groups in Indonesia and their contribution to rural development and farmer resilience. The study contributes to the literature on agricultural institutions by synthesizing recent evidence regarding the role of leadership in strengthening organizational effectiveness among smallholder farmers. A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports, and scholarly publications published between 2020 and 2026. The analysis focused on four themes: leadership characteristics, organizational capacity challenges, capacity-strengthening factors, and organizational performance outcomes. The findings indicate that effective leadership enhances member participation, organizational learning, stakeholder collaboration, and resource mobilization. However, limited managerial skills, financial constraints, and weak institutional support remain significant challenges. Strengthening leadership capacity and organizational development is essential for improving the sustainability, resilience, and competitiveness of cocoa farmer groups in Indonesia
References
Auld, G., Renckens, S., & Cashore, B. (2021). Transnational private governance, sustainability standards, and supply chain accountability. Annual Review of Political Science, 24, 497–517.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bijman, J., Muradian, R., & Cechin, A. (2016). Agricultural cooperatives and value chain coordination. In J. Bijman, R. Muradian, & J. Schuurman (Eds.), Cooperatives, Economic Democratization and Rural Development (pp. 82–101). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. Sage Publications.
Donovan, J., Franzel, S., Cunha, M., Gyau, A., & Mithöfer, D. (2017). Guides for value chain development: A comparative review. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 7(1), 2–23.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2023). The State of Food and Agriculture 2023: Revealing the True Cost of Food to Transform Agrifood Systems. FAO.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2024). FAOSTAT Statistical Database. FAO.
Horton, D., Alexaki, A., Bennett-Lartey, S., Brice, K. N., Campilan, D., Carden, F., de Souza Silva, J., Duong, L. T., Khadar, I., Perez, J., Somarriba Chang, M., Vernooy, R., & Watts, J. (2003). Evaluating Capacity Development: Experiences from Research and Development Organizations around the World. International Development Research Centre.
International Cocoa Organization (ICCO). (2024). Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics. ICCO.
Markelova, H., Meinzen-Dick, R., Hellin, J., & Dohrn, S. (2009). Collective action for smallholder market access. Food Policy, 34(1), 1–7.
Neilson, J. (2019). The Governance of Value Chains in the Indonesian Cocoa Sector. Routledge.
Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and Practice (9th ed.). Sage Publications.
Ostrom, E. (2015). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71.
Pretty, J. (2003). Social capital and the collective management of resources. Science, 302(5652), 1912–1914.
Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339.
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222.
Wessel, M., & Quist-Wessel, P. M. F. (2015). Cocoa production in West Africa, a review and analysis of recent developments. NJAS – Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 74–75, 1–7.
Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93–112.
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in Organizations (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Obie (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
