International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS)
International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS) is an online, peer-reviewed international research journal that addresses both applied and theoretical issues. The scope of the journal encompasses research articles, case studies, original research reports, reviews, and scientific commentaries in the fields of contemporary sciences. The journal requires a high scientific standard that contributes to human life. After a preliminary assessment by the Editorial Board, all submitted papers will undergo a double-blinded refereeing process. IJCS journal publishes articles monthly.
The Role of Parasocial Interaction and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) in Mediating the Influence of Streamer Attractiveness on Impulse Buying in Live Streaming (A Study on the Roughneck 1991 Brand on Shopee)
This study aims to analyze the role of parasocial interaction and fear of missing out (FOMO) in mediating the influence of streamer attractiveness on impulse buying during live streaming of the Roughneck 1991 brand on Shopee. This study uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling method involving 216 respondents residing in the Special Region of Yogyakarta who have purchased Roughneck 1991 products through live streaming on Shopee. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 4.0. The results of the study show that streamer attractiveness has a positive and significant effect on parasocial interaction and FOMO. However, streamer attractiveness has a significant negative effect on impulse buying directly. Parasocial interaction is proven to have a positive and significant effect on FOMO and impulse buying. FOMO also has a positive and significant effect on impulse buying. Important findings indicate that parasocial interaction significantly mediates the effect of streamer attractiveness on impulse buying, whereas FOMO is not significant as a single mediating variable in this relationship
Streamer Attractiveness; Parasocial Interaction; Fear of Missing Out (FOMO); Impulse Buying; Live Streaming; E-commerce
Copyright (c) 2026 Sutrisno Wibowo, Revanza Mohamad Firdaus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Service Quality Perception and Customer Trust on Customer Loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction (A Study of Shopee E-Commerce on Students in Berau Regency)
This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality perception and customer trust on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction, among e-commerce platform Shopee users who are students in Berau Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach, and the data were collected through an online questionnaire. This study involved 148 respondents, selected using a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling. The data analysis method uses SEM with SmartPLS software version 4.0. The results of this study indicate that (1) service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, (2) customer trust has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, (3) service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, (4) customer trust has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, (5) customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, (6) service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction as an intervening variable, (7) customer trust has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction as an intervening variable
Service Quality, Customer Trust, Customer Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction
Copyright (c) 2026 Sutrisno Wibowo, Faridatul Jannah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Opportunities and Threats of the Demographic Bonus Towards Unemployment in Indonesia
This study examines the opportunities and threats of Indonesia’s demographic bonus on the unemployment rate and its implications for labor absorption and employment policy. The research employs an associative approach to analyze the relationship between the demographic bonus and unemployment. The data consist of time series data on Indonesia’s annual unemployment rate from 1980 to 2024, collected through documentation techniques and measured in percentage terms. The Box-ARIMA model is used as the analytical method. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s unemployment rate is projected to fluctuate with an overall upward trend during the 2025–2045 period, reaching an estimated 5.76 percent by 2045. These results suggest that the demographic bonus does not automatically generate economic benefits. Without significant economic improvement and sufficient job creation, the demographic bonus may instead become a serious threat by increasing unemployment levels. The study emphasizes the importance of targeted and sustainable labor market policies to ensure that the expanding working-age population can be absorbed productively. In the absence of such policies, the demographic bonus may place additional pressure on the labor market. However, the study has limitations, as it relies on a univariate ARIMA model and long-term projections based solely on historical trends, which may not fully capture structural changes or external shocks
Demographic Bonus, Unemployment, ARIMA Model, Time Series Analysis, Labor Market Policy
Copyright (c) 2026 Jolianis, Putri Melizasari, Dina Amaluis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Regional Ecclesial Agency and Global Authority: Women’s Ordination Practices in the Seventh-day Adventist Church
The ordination of women in the Seventh-day Adventist Church remains a contested issue that reveals a deeper tension between global ecclesial authority and regional or local expressions of mission. While the General Conference has not adopted women’s ordination as a universal policy, several Adventist unions and local congregations have taken independent or semi-independent actions to ordain women or to adopt gender-inclusive ministerial recognition. This article analyzes selected cases of women’s ordination practices within the Seventh-day Adventist Church, including Columbia Union Conference, Pacific Union Conference, North German Union Conference, Norwegian Union of Churches, Sligo Seventh-day Adventist Church, Victoria Church, and La Sierra University Church. Using a qualitative historical-theological approach, the study argues that these cases cannot be interpreted merely as administrative irregularities or isolated acts of dissent. Rather, they reveal a structural and theological tension within global Adventism concerning the meaning of ordination, the limits of regional authority, the nature of church unity, and the relationship between biblical interpretation and contextual mission. The findings suggest that the women’s ordination debate functions as a test case for Adventist ecclesiology: whether unity is to be understood primarily as global policy uniformity or as shared doctrinal and missional identity that may allow limited contextual diversity
Women’s Ordination, Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Ecclesiology
Copyright (c) 2026 Zainal Sibagariang, Rogate Artaida Tiarasi Gultom, Arip Surpi Sitompul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Light Intensity on the Release and Attachment of Gracilaria sp. Spores
The availability of high-quality seedlings remains a major constraint in the sustainable expansion of Gracilaria aquaculture, particularly when vegetative propagation dominates seed supply. Spore culture offers an alternative route for producing generative seedlings, but its success depends strongly on environmental conditions during the early reproductive phase. This study evaluated the effect of three light intensities on the release and attachment of Gracilaria sp. spores under laboratory conditions. A completely randomized design was applied with three treatments, namely 500 lux, 1000 lux, and 1500 lux, each with three replicates. Fertile thalli in the carpospore stage were acclimatized, sterilized, and cultured in sterile seawater enriched with Grund medium under an 8 h light:16 h dark photoperiod at 25–27°C. Spore release was observed using a Sedgwick–Rafter chamber, whereas attached spores were counted under a stereo microscope. Light intensity significantly affected both response variables (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). The 1000 lux treatment produced the highest spore release, reaching 720 ± 35 spores/cystocarp on day 4, with the highest mean release of 452 spores/cystocarp. The same treatment also yielded the highest spore attachment, peaking at 520 ± 49 spores/cystocarp on day 3, with a mean of 391 spores/cystocarp. These findings indicate that moderate light intensity provides the most favorable condition for early reproductive performance in Gracilaria sp. spore culture and may support the development of more reliable seedling production systems for seaweed aquaculture
Gracilaria Sp., Spore Culture, Light Intensity, Spore Release, Spore Attachment
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Wahidah, Andi Puspa Sari Idris, Mohamad Adnan Baiduri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parenting Patterns in the Digital Era in Career Families and Their Impact on Children's Social Interaction
The development of digital technology has transformed parenting practices in modern families, especially in career families (dual-earner families) who face time constraints due to work demands. This study aims to analyze parenting patterns in the digital era in career families and their impact on social interactions of young children. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) referring to the PRISMA guidelines, through a search of scientific articles in the Scopus, SINTA, and Google Scholar databases within the period 2019–2024. The review results show that parents' time constraints drive the emergence of digital babysitting practices, which is the delegation of parenting functions to digital devices as an adaptive mechanism to fatigue and time compression. This practice affects the reduction of dialogic interaction (serve-and-return communication) between parents and children. These conditions have implications for the decline in children's social competence, such as empathy, the ability to share, emotion regulation, and interaction skills with peers in the early childhood education environment. In addition, excessive screen exposure shapes tendencies toward individualistic behavior and patterns of instant gratification in children
Digital Parenting, Career Family, Children's Social Interaction, Digital Babysitting
Copyright (c) 2026 Adriani Tamo Ina Talu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Language Shift and Maintenance in Bilingual Families: A Systematic Literature Review on Current Trends and Underlying Factors
In an increasingly interconnected global society, bilingualism has become a widespread phenomenon, especially among migrant and transnational families navigating between heritage languages and dominant societal languages. This study examines current trends and underlying factors influencing language shift and maintenance within bilingual families through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Guided by the PRISMA framework, the study analyzes empirical research published between 2014 and 2024 from major databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings reveal that the family remains the central domain for intergenerational language transmission, where societal pressures intersect with individual agency. A prominent trend is the gradual and often unconscious shift toward majority languages, driven by the dominance of formal education, peer interaction, and digital media. Simultaneously, a counter-trend emerges in the form of increased parental awareness and the intentional application of Family Language Planning (FLP) strategies to preserve heritage languages. The review identifies key influencing factors, including parental language ideologies, institutional pressures, children’s agency, sibling dynamics, and the dual role of digital media. Digital technology acts as both a catalyst for language shift and a resource for maintenance. Language dynamics in bilingual families are complex and require adaptive strategies to sustain linguistic diversity
Language Shift, Maintenance, Underlying Factors
Copyright (c) 2026 Yosefina Helenora Jem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mapping Optimal Sea Surface Temperature for Skipjack Tuna in Pangandaran Waters to Support Small-Scale Fisheries
Small-scale fisheries play an important role in supporting coastal livelihoods, including in Pangandaran waters. Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) distribution is strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST). This study aims to map the optimal SST range for skipjack tuna in 2024 and analyze its spatial–temporal dynamics as an indicator of potential fishing grounds. SST data from Copernicus Marine Service (0.083° resolution, monthly) were analyzed descriptively based on optimal temperature ranges from previous studies. Results show SST ranged from 26.21 °C to 30.02 °C with clear seasonal patterns. Suitable conditions occurred mainly in January, May, July, and August, particularly during the southeast monsoon associated with upwelling. SST can serve as an initial indicator for fishing ground identification but should be combined with other oceanographic parameters
Fishing Ground, Sea Surface Temperature, Skipjack Tuna, Oceanographic
Copyright (c) 2026 Gilar Budi Pratama, Aisyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
When Conservation Conflicts with Livelihoods: A Systematic Review of Ecological–Socioeconomic Trade-offs in Coastal Resource Management
Coastal resource management is increasingly challenged by ecological–socioeconomic trade-offs arising from competing conservation and livelihood objectives. This study conducts a systematic review to synthesize global evidence on the types, drivers, governance responses, and outcomes of such trade-offs in coastal systems. Following a PRISMA-based approach, the review identifies recurring patterns across diverse contexts, highlighting temporal, spatial, and stakeholder-based trade-offs driven by coastal development, overfishing, aquaculture expansion, tourism, and climate change. The findings reveal that governance plays a critical role in shaping outcomes, yet remains constrained by fragmented institutions and limited stakeholder inclusion. While some approaches, such as co-management and ecosystem-based strategies, show promise, their effectiveness is context-dependent. This study proposes an integrated conceptual framework linking drivers, trade-offs, governance, and outcomes, emphasizing that trade-offs are inevitable but manageable. The results underscore the need for adaptive, inclusive, and integrated governance to achieve sustainable and equitable coastal resource management
Coastal Resource Management, Ecological–Socioeconomic Trade-Offs, Conservation–Livelihood Conflicts, Coastal Governance, Sustainable Coastal Development
Copyright (c) 2026 Faqih Baihaqi, Shafira Bilqis Annida (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adding Value Channa Striata Flour Waste Using an Autoclave and Drying Machine to Turn Functional Flour
This study aims to process snakehead fish processing waste (head, skin, bones) into functional flour with added value as a contribution to the utilization of agro-industrial waste. The variables tested include sensory characteristics (odor, taste, color, texture) and nutritional content (protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium, water content, ash). The research method refers to the process of making snakehead fish flour, followed by hedonic organoleptic tests and chemical analysis, with samples from waste snakehead fish flour products resulting from student practicums. Observations were made throughout the production process until laboratory testing. The results show that functional flour from snakehead fish processing waste (head, skin, bones) has high nutritional value with 7.42% phosphorus, 2.43% calcium, and 6.77% fat, and is sensorially accepted, so it has the potential as a functional food ingredient
Albumin, Fish, Flour, Technology, and Waste
Copyright (c) 2026 Gemah Delti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Discharge and Efficiency of Irrigation of Primary Canal of Aik Bual Reservoir, Central Lombok Regency
This study aimed to evaluate the flow rate and effectiveness of the main canal in the Aik Bual Reservoir as part of the irrigation network supporting agricultural activities. The method used in this study was a quantitative approach with hydraulic analysis using the Manning equation. The data obtained included the canal cross-sectional dimensions, canal bed slope, roughness coefficient, and discharge measurements at upstream and downstream points. This data was then processed to determine the flow capacity and water distribution efficiency. The analysis results indicated that the flow rate calculated using the Manning method was 1.20 m³/s. Meanwhile, field measurements showed a decrease in discharge from upstream to downstream, with the discharge recorded at 0.96 m³/s. This represents a water loss of 0.24 m³/s during the distribution process. These results indicate a canal efficiency of 80%, which is considered good according to irrigation canal efficiency standards, which range from 70% to 90%. Estimated water loss is caused by several factors, such as leaks in the canal walls and bottom, sedimentation that reduces the cross-sectional capacity, and the growth of weeds that obstruct water flow. Furthermore, the physical condition of the canal, which is not yet fully watertight, also affects distribution efficiency
Flow Rate, Canal Efficiency, Irrigation, Manning Method, Water Loss
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Yamin, Farida Gafar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Dimension of Resurrection and Life Presence in John 11:25: an Exegetical Analysis of 'Believe in Me' as Relational Faith that Produces Obedience
Resurrection in Christianity is often understood futuristically as an event that will occur at the end of times, thus it is less recognized as a reality that has implications for life today. This study aims to analyze John 11:25 exegetically in order to reveal the meaning of resurrection and life from the perspective of Johannine theology. The method used is qualitative with a Greek text exegetical approach, which includes lexical, grammatical, and narrative context analysis. The focus of the study is on key expressions in John 11:25. The results of the study show that resurrection and life are present realities in Christ, while “believing” is understood as an active and ongoing relational faith, which ultimately results in obedience as evidence of a new life. The theological implication emphasizes the importance of understanding a transformative faith in the lives of believers and the contemporary church
Resurrection, Life, Faith, John 11:25, Exegesis
Copyright (c) 2026 Roida Harianja, Parlaungan Nainggolan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Maternal Height on the Incidence of Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) in Mothers Giving Birth at RSUD Bahteramas, Southeast Sulawesi Province
This study aims to determine the effect of maternal height on the incidence of Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) in mothers giving birth in the Tumbudadai Room of Bahteramas Regional General Hospital (RSUD), Southeast Sulawesi Province. CPD is a complication characterized by incompatibility between the fetal head and the maternal pelvis, potentially leading to obstructed labor and serious maternal-fetal morbidity. This quantitative study used a logistic regression design with secondary data from medical records for the period 2020–2024. A total sampling technique was applied, yielding 114 respondents who had been diagnosed with CPD. Results of the logistic regression analysis showed a p-value of 0.346, which exceeds the significance threshold of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted, indicating that there is no statistically significant effect of maternal height on CPD incidence in this population. The Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.011 suggests that maternal height explains only 1.1% of variation in CPD outcomes. These findings suggest that CPD is a multifactorial condition not solely determined by maternal stature, but also influenced by fetal size, pelvic architecture, nutritional history, and obstetric factors. Comprehensive risk assessment—beyond anthropometric indicators alone—is recommended for obstetric care practice
Maternal Height, Cephalopelvic Disproportion, CPD, Obstetric Complication, Logistic Regression
Copyright (c) 2026 Juli Purnama Hamudi, Lisnawati, Astri Yunita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maternal Healthcare Service Utilization in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Maternal mortality remains a critical public health challenge in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where 95% of global maternal deaths occur. Quality maternal healthcare services are essential for reducing preventable mortality and morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of maternal healthcare utilization indicators and identify key determinants influencing service uptake in LMICs. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2015 and 2024. The review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024612847). Random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled prevalence for antenatal care (ANC), skilled birth attendance (SBA), institutional delivery (ID), and postnatal care (PNC). Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies (Hoy et al., 2012). We included 145 studies from 89 LMICs involving over 2.8 million women. Pooled prevalence was 85.0% (95% CI: 82.3–87.4%) for at least one ANC visit, 50.8% (95% CI: 47.2–54.4%) for four ANC visits, 65.6% (95% CI: 62.1–69.0%) for SBA, 66.9% (95% CI: 63.4–70.3%) for ID, and 48.9% (95% CI: 45.3–52.5%) for PNC. Prediction intervals were wide across all indicators, reflecting genuine between-study variability (I² > 95%). Maternal education (OR = 3.42), household wealth (OR = 4.67), and urban residence (OR = 2.87) were strong positive predictors, while distance to facilities and poor service quality were significant barriers. Despite progress in initial ANC contact, critical gaps persist in comprehensive antenatal care and postnatal services
Maternal Healthcare, Antenatal Care, Skilled Birth Attendance, Institutional Delivery, Postnatal Care
Copyright (c) 2026 Ririt Yuliarti Taha, Putri Rosanti Caesaria, Fajar Kurniawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Maternal Age and History of Hypertension with the Incidence of Hypertension in Pregnant Women at Kendari City Regional General Hospital
Hypertension during pregnancy remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal age and history of hypertension with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women at Kendari City Regional General Hospital (RSUD Kota Kendari). A quantitative, cross-sectional analytical design was employed. The study was conducted in May 2025. Samples consisted of 132 pregnant women with hypertension and a gravidity of ≥2 during 2022–2024, selected by purposive sampling from hospital medical records. Bivariate analysis used the Chi-Square test (α = 0.05). Results showed that 56.1% of respondents had chronic hypertension and 43.9% had gestational hypertension. For the age variable, the Chi-Square test yielded p = 0.002 (< 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between maternal age and hypertension incidence. High-risk age groups (< 20 or > 35 years) predominantly experienced chronic hypertension (66.2%). For history of hypertension, the test yielded p = 0.035 (< 0.05), also indicating a significant association; respondents with a prior hypertension history more frequently developed chronic hypertension (60.8%). Both maternal age and history of hypertension are significantly associated with the type and occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Antenatal care providers should screen for these risk factors early to mitigate complications
Hypertension, Pregnant Women, Maternal Age, Hypertension History, Cross-Sectional
Copyright (c) 2026 Ano Luthfa, Ririt Yuliarti Taha, Harni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Maternal Parity and Placenta Previa Incidence at Bhayangkara Level III Hospital, Kendari
Placenta previa is a serious obstetric complication characterized by abnormal placental implantation on the lower uterine segment, potentially covering the cervical os. It is a leading cause of antepartum hemorrhage and maternal-fetal morbidity. Maternal parity has been identified as a significant risk factor, yet evidence from Indonesian tertiary hospitals remains limited. To determine the relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of placenta previa at Bhayangkara Level III Hospital, Kendari. An analytical survey with a case-control design was employed. A purposive sampling method was used, involving 128 participants (64 cases and 64 controls) with a 1:1 ratio. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square statistical test (α = 0.05). Among the case group, 70.3% (n=45) had high parity (≥4 births), compared to 43.8% (n=28) in the control group. The Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association (p-value = 0.004 < α 0.05), indicating that mothers with high parity are at greater risk of placenta previa. There is a significant relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of placenta previa. Healthcare providers should prioritize early detection and health education for mothers with high parity. Delivery in qualified healthcare facilities is strongly recommended
Parity, Placenta Previa, Maternal Health, Case-Control Study, Kendari
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Rosmala Lestari, Via Zakiyah, Ano Luthfa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Iran’s Public Diplomacy in the Conflict with the United States: A Political Analysis of the Open Letter to U.S. Civilians
This article examines Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian’s open letter to the American people as an instrument of public diplomacy and strategic narrative during the Iran–United States conflict. Its novelty lies in analyzing an underexplored diplomatic form, namely a head-of-state open letter addressed directly to the civilian public of a rival state. Using a qualitative document-based case study, the study analyzes one purposively selected primary text supported by contextual news reports and recent scholarship, with observations focused on materials published in April 2026. The findings show that the letter constructs Iran’s self-legitimation, delegitimizes U.S. policy, mobilizes historical memory, and separates the American government from the American people, implying that open letters can function as strategic political communication in contemporary geopolitical conflict
Public Diplomacy, Strategic Narratives, Iran–U.S. Conflict, Open Letter, Political Communication
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhtar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Influence of Profitability and Company Size on Stock Returns of Indonesian Sharia Stock Index Companies
The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct influence of profitability and company size on stock returns of companies in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index before, after, and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative with panel data regression analysis. The research sample is based on purposive sampling of companies in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a research period of 2017–2024, with a total sample of 43 companies. The results of this study prove that profitability, proxied by Return on Assets (RoA), and company size have a positive effect on stock returns throughout the study period, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of this research result indicate that RoA has a significant effect with increasing strength during the crisis period, with institutional ownership being very strong, especially in the period after COVID-19
COVID-19, Profitability, Company Size, Stock Return, Indonesian Sharia
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Tohir, Yohannes Indrayono, Retno Martanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Eco-Friendly Room Freshener Based on Seaweed and Orange Peel Extract as an Anti-Cockroach Product
This study examined the development of a natural room fragrance based on Eucheuma cottonii seaweed extract and orange peel extract as an anti-cockroach product for household application. The research was motivated by the need for safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic air fresheners and chemical insect repellents, particularly for indoor spaces where odor problems and cockroach infestation often occur simultaneously. The study employed an experimental formulation approach using three extract ratios: F1 (25% seaweed extract and 75% orange peel extract), F2 (50% seaweed extract and 50% orange peel extract), and F3 (75% seaweed extract and 25% orange peel extract). The products were prepared through extraction and spray formulation, then evaluated through organoleptic testing covering aroma, texture, and color, followed by an effectiveness assessment against cockroaches. The results showed a consistent pattern across all measured variables. F3 produced the highest organoleptic scores, with values of 4.4 for aroma, 4.24 for texture, and 4.28 for color, indicating the strongest panelist acceptance. The same formulation also showed the highest anti-cockroach effectiveness, with an approximately 75% reduction in cockroach presence, compared with 60% for F2 and 40% for F1
Natural Room Fragrance, Eucheuma Cottonii, Orange Peel Extract, Cockroach Repellent, Sensory Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2026 Fifi Arfini, Andi Santi, Rahmawati Saleh, Mita Gebriella Inthe, Dian Munawarah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Eucheuma spinosum Carrageenan Flour Addition on the Chemical Quality and Sensory Acceptance of Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) Nuggets
This study evaluated the effect of Eucheuma spinosum carrageenan flour on the chemical quality and sensory acceptance of milkfish nuggets. A completely randomized design with four carrageenan levels (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and two replications was applied from January to April 2024 at Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan. Moisture, protein, and fiber contents were analyzed, followed by sensory tests of aroma, taste, and texture. Increasing carrageenan reduced moisture content and increased fiber content. The 15% treatment produced the highest fiber level, whereas the 5% treatment showed the best sensory acceptance among the carrageenan formulations. Therefore, 5% carrageenan is recommended as the most balanced formulation in terms of product quality and consumer preference
Carrageenan, Milkfish, Fish Nuggets, Dietary Fiber, Sensory Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasir, Luthfiah, Rahmawati Saleh, Mursida, Sultan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Changes in Voters’ Perspectives in Selecting Leaders in the Era of Regional Autonomy in Kendari City
This study examines the transformation of voters’ perspectives in local executive elections in the era of regional autonomy, using Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province, as a case study during the 2025–2030 election period. The research is grounded in the context of Indonesia’s decentralization, which has reshaped local political competition and voter–candidate interactions. Employing a qualitative research design, the study integrates qualitative surveys, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and document analysis. A total of 30 informants were purposively selected from key stakeholder groups, including voters, election management officials (KPU), local government representatives, civil society organizations, and political party actors. The findings reveal that voters’ perspectives in Kendari are undergoing a dynamic transformation rather than a linear shift toward performance-based voting. While many voters increasingly emphasize candidates’ track records, public service delivery, and responsiveness, social proximity, personal familiarity, and pragmatic considerations continue to influence electoral preferences. The study also identifies growing public protest and rejection of candidates perceived as non–pro-people, reflecting heightened democratic awareness and the role of civil society in fostering critical engagement. However, such protest remains unevenly distributed across socio-economic groups
Kendari City, Local Democracy, Local Executive Elections, Regional Autonomy, Voter Perspectives
Copyright (c) 2026 Darmin Tuwu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Financial Distress of Companies Heading Towards Bankruptcy Viewed from the Aspect of Institutional Ownership and Audit Committees
This research aims to analyze the direct influence of institutional ownership and audit committees on the financial distress of companies facing bankruptcy. The research approach is quantitative with causal methods. The research objects were 251 companies that had liquidity difficulties and had the potential to go bankrupt in the 2020-2025 period on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Data analysis was conducted using EViews version 10 to perform path analysis with the t-test. The research results show (1) institutional ownership does not have a significant influence on financial distress; (2) the audit committee has a significant effect on financial distress. Companies are advised to strengthen internal governance mechanisms, especially the audit committee function
Financial Distress, Institutional Ownership, Audit Committees, Companies Bankruptcy
Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhmat Irwansyah, Yohannes Indrayono, Arief Tri Hardiyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Sociology of Military Law: Civil–Military Boundary in Emerging Democracies
This article examines military law through a socio-legal lens by analyzing the civil–military boundary in emerging democracies. Existing scholarship largely approaches civil–military relations from constitutional, institutional, or security sector reform perspectives, often overlooking the sociological dimensions embedded in military legal systems. This study reconceptualizes military law as a socially embedded institution shaped by power relations, professional military identity, and democratic transition dynamics. Using a qualitative socio-legal research design, the study analyzes legal frameworks governing military jurisdiction, civilian supremacy, and institutional practice, complemented by doctrinal analysis and contextual examination of democratic reform processes. The findings demonstrate that the civil–military boundary is not merely a formal constitutional arrangement but a dynamic sociological construct continuously negotiated within institutional settings. Legal norms regulating the armed forces are internalized, contested, and reshaped through legal culture, professional ethos, and broader political transformations. The study reveals that persistent legal dualism and institutional resistance often complicate the consolidation of civilian control in emerging democracies. By situating military law within the sociology of law framework, this research contributes a deeper understanding of how civilian supremacy is institutionalized or challenged beyond formal legal provisions, offering both theoretical insights and policy implications for democratic consolidation
Military Law, Civil–Military Relations, Socio-Legal Analysis, Democratic Transition, Civilian Supremacy
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Fahmi Lubis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mental Attitude of Farmers and the Lack of Interest of Gen-Z in Food Crop Farming in Beru-Beru Village, Kalukku District, Mamuju, West Sulawesi in 2025
This research addresses the theme "Farmer Mental Attitudes and the Lack of Gen-Z Interest in Food Crop Farming in Beru-Beru Village, Kalukku District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province in 2025." The main focus of this study is to analyze the mental attitudes of farmers and to explore the factors causing the low interest of Gen-Z in the field of food crop farming. The approach used is a qualitative method, with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and questionnaires involving five farmers and five respondents from the Gen-Z group in Beru-Beru Village. Research findings indicate that farmers generally have a positive outlook on their profession and are ready to face various challenges, including adopting agricultural technology. Meanwhile, most Gen-Z individuals express interest in agriculture, but they still face obstacles such as limited capital, access to technology, and a lack of training and guidance. A small portion of Gen-Z respondents view agriculture as less aligned with their personal interests and modern lifestyle. The analysis results indicate a gap between the older generation who are still active in agriculture and Gen-Z who do not yet fully consider agriculture as a prospective career choice. Therefore, strategic interventions from various stakeholders are needed to create a more innovative, efficient, and attractive agricultural sector for Gen-Z, in order to ensure the sustainability of agriculture in the future
Farmers' Mental Attitude, Gen-Z, Interest in Agriculture, Food Crops, Beru-Beru Village
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nur Syam Ismaniza A, Indriani, Siti Nurazizah Jufri, Muhsin Husain, Ananda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Spirituality and Cognition in the Curriculum of Christian Religious Education
Christian Religious Education (CRE) carries a formational mandate that extends beyond the transmission of theological knowledge toward the holistic formation of faith, character, and lived Christian identity. However, in many formal educational contexts, CRE remains dominated by cognitive and instructional approaches, while students’ spiritual experiences are insufficiently integrated into the curriculum. This study explores how the integration of spirituality and cognition is experienced and understood by Christian Education students within the CRE curriculum. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through open-ended questionnaires completed by 20 students and semi-structured interviews with seven purposively selected students at a Baptist theological seminary in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that spirituality–cognition integration is experienced as a formational learning process that connects theological knowledge with personal reflection, spiritual growth, and everyday Christian practice. By foregrounding students’ lived experiences, this study offers an empirically grounded contribution to discussions on holistic Christian education, particularly within Global South contexts
Christian Religious Education, Spirituality, Cognition, Curriculum, Qualitative Research
Copyright (c) 2026 Silas Sudarman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Law Enforcement on the Distribution of Alcoholic Beverages based on Bali Governor Regulation Number 1 of 2020 at the Bali Regional Police
The consumption of alcoholic beverages such as arak, brem, and tuak has long been part of Balinese tradition. This study aims to analyze law enforcement regarding the distribution of alcoholic beverages based on Bali Governor Regulation No. 1 of 2020 in the Bali Regional Police and to examine the obstacles faced in its enforcement. This study uses a normative legal method supported by empirical data through field interviews, with a theoretical basis in the Rule of Law, legislation theory, authority theory, and law enforcement theory. The results of the study show a disharmony between regional regulations that legalize the management of traditional Balinese alcoholic beverages and the provisions in the Criminal Code, which have the potential to result in criminal sanctions. The main obstacle to law enforcement is the classification of criminal acts as minor offenses, which does not provide a sufficient deterrent effect. Repressive measures are carried out through routine raids and the confiscation of evidence of violations found
Law Enforcement; Alcoholic Beverages; Bali Regional Police
Copyright (c) 2026 I Komang Widarsana, Ni Ketut Wiratny, Siti Nurmawan Damanik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Motor Vehicle Tax Amnesty Policy Based on Bali Governor Regulation Number 40 of 2025 in Karangasem Regency
Motor Vehicle Tax plays a strategic role as the main source of Local Own-Source Revenue to support regional development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tax amnesty policies based on Bali Governor Regulation No. 40 of 2025 in the One-Stop Integrated Administration System, better known as SAMSAT Karangasem, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. Using a qualitative method with a case study approach, data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the policy has been effective, with revenue realization reaching 110.61% of the set target. This success was supported by intensive communication through the WhatsApp Blast innovation and good inter-agency coordination. However, this policy has not been fully able to build sustainable compliance due to a decline in the compliance rate from 70% in 2024 to 65% in 2025, indicating the emergence of moral hazard where taxpayers tend to wait for the next amnesty program
Motor Vehicle Tax, Tax Amnesty, Bali Governor Regulation No. 40 of 2025
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusti Ayu Komang Widiantari, Ni Luh Putu Widyantari, I Wayan Sutrisna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) in Improving the Quality of Health Services at the BLUD Konawe Utara Regional Hospital
This study examines the implementation of a Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) in improving healthcare service quality at North Konawe Regional Hospital. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using unstructured interviews, observations, and documentation involving key and general informants. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model with NVivo support, and validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that HMIS positively improves service quality by enhancing responsiveness through faster service processes and reduced waiting times, increasing reliability via improved data accuracy, strengthening assurance through data security, supporting empathy by reducing administrative workload, and improving tangibles through information technology utilization. Nevertheless, optimal implementation requires improved infrastructure, enhanced human resource competencies, and continuous management support
Hospital Management Information System, Healthcare Service Quality, Hospital, Information System, Healthcare Services
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Al Rajab, Tawakkal, Nurtantisra, Efa Kelya Nasrun, Ririt Yuliarti Taha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Social Capital in Red Chili Farming in Manimbahoi Village, Parigi District, Gowa Regency
This qualitative study examines the role of social capital in red chili farming in Manimbahoi Village, Gowa. Using a saturated sampling technique, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed via reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal high interpersonal trust and strong social networks among farmers, characterized by mutual assistance and information sharing. However, trust in group leadership remains low, and social norms lack consistent enforcement. While social capital is established, barriers such as individualistic farming patterns and weak institutional cooperation limit the exchange of technology and market information. Consequently, social capital has not been optimally utilized to enhance productivity. Strengthening leadership and formalizing group norms are essential to improve farming competitiveness
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Zulfiah Rahmi.A, Amruddin, Firmansyah, Rahmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Profit to Mission: An Exegesis of Acts 18:1-5 and the Biblical Foundations of Christian Entrepreneurship in the Online Economy
This article aims to reconstruct a Biblical theology of Christian entrepreneurship based on Acts 18:1–5 by positioning work as participation in God’s mission. The study examines the concepts of work, income, mission, and Kingdom orientation through a qualitative exegetical method within a canonical framework, correlating it with Matthew 6:33, 6:24, and 2 Corinthians 5:15. The analysis focuses on the narrative context of Paul’s tentmaking ministry in Corinth as the primary data unit. The findings indicate that profit is subordinate to Kingdom purposes, business serves as a space for testimony, and income supports mission. This study proposes a missional entrepreneurship model that is relevant for digital economy practices and contemporary theological ethics
Acts 18:1-5, Kewirausahaan Kristen, Ekonomi Online
Copyright (c) 2026 Roida Harianja, Parlaungan Nainggolan, Riodinar Harianja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0