International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS)
International Journal of Contemporary Sciences (IJCS) is an online, peer-reviewed international research journal that addresses both applied and theoretical issues. The scope of the journal encompasses research articles, case studies, original research reports, reviews, and scientific commentaries in the fields of contemporary sciences. The journal requires a high scientific standard that contributes to human life. After a preliminary assessment by the Editorial Board, all submitted papers will undergo a double-blinded refereeing process. IJCS journal publishes articles monthly.
Analysis of the Influence of Profitability and Company Size on Stock Returns of Indonesian Sharia Stock Index Companies
The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct influence of profitability and company size on stock returns of companies in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index before, after, and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative with panel data regression analysis. The research sample is based on purposive sampling of companies in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a research period of 2017–2024, with a total sample of 43 companies. The results of this study prove that profitability, proxied by Return on Assets (RoA), and company size have a positive effect on stock returns throughout the study period, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of this research result indicate that RoA has a significant effect with increasing strength during the crisis period, with institutional ownership being very strong, especially in the period after COVID-19
COVID-19, Profitability, Company Size, Stock Return, Indonesian Sharia
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Tohir, Yohannes Indrayono, Retno Martanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Eco-Friendly Room Freshener Based on Seaweed and Orange Peel Extract as an Anti-Cockroach Product
This study examined the development of a natural room fragrance based on Eucheuma cottonii seaweed extract and orange peel extract as an anti-cockroach product for household application. The research was motivated by the need for safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic air fresheners and chemical insect repellents, particularly for indoor spaces where odor problems and cockroach infestation often occur simultaneously. The study employed an experimental formulation approach using three extract ratios: F1 (25% seaweed extract and 75% orange peel extract), F2 (50% seaweed extract and 50% orange peel extract), and F3 (75% seaweed extract and 25% orange peel extract). The products were prepared through extraction and spray formulation, then evaluated through organoleptic testing covering aroma, texture, and color, followed by an effectiveness assessment against cockroaches. The results showed a consistent pattern across all measured variables. F3 produced the highest organoleptic scores, with values of 4.4 for aroma, 4.24 for texture, and 4.28 for color, indicating the strongest panelist acceptance. The same formulation also showed the highest anti-cockroach effectiveness, with an approximately 75% reduction in cockroach presence, compared with 60% for F2 and 40% for F1
Natural Room Fragrance, Eucheuma Cottonii, Orange Peel Extract, Cockroach Repellent, Sensory Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2026 Fifi Arfini, Andi Santi, Rahmawati Saleh, Mita Gebriella Inthe, Dian Munawarah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Eucheuma spinosum Carrageenan Flour Addition on the Chemical Quality and Sensory Acceptance of Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) Nuggets
This study evaluated the effect of Eucheuma spinosum carrageenan flour on the chemical quality and sensory acceptance of milkfish nuggets. A completely randomized design with four carrageenan levels (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) and two replications was applied from January to April 2024 at Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan. Moisture, protein, and fiber contents were analyzed, followed by sensory tests of aroma, taste, and texture. Increasing carrageenan reduced moisture content and increased fiber content. The 15% treatment produced the highest fiber level, whereas the 5% treatment showed the best sensory acceptance among the carrageenan formulations. Therefore, 5% carrageenan is recommended as the most balanced formulation in terms of product quality and consumer preference
Carrageenan, Milkfish, Fish Nuggets, Dietary Fiber, Sensory Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2026 Tasir, Luthfiah, Rahmawati Saleh, Mursida, Sultan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Changes in Voters’ Perspectives in Selecting Leaders in the Era of Regional Autonomy in Kendari City
This study examines the transformation of voters’ perspectives in local executive elections in the era of regional autonomy, using Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province, as a case study during the 2025–2030 election period. The research is grounded in the context of Indonesia’s decentralization, which has reshaped local political competition and voter–candidate interactions. Employing a qualitative research design, the study integrates qualitative surveys, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and document analysis. A total of 30 informants were purposively selected from key stakeholder groups, including voters, election management officials (KPU), local government representatives, civil society organizations, and political party actors. The findings reveal that voters’ perspectives in Kendari are undergoing a dynamic transformation rather than a linear shift toward performance-based voting. While many voters increasingly emphasize candidates’ track records, public service delivery, and responsiveness, social proximity, personal familiarity, and pragmatic considerations continue to influence electoral preferences. The study also identifies growing public protest and rejection of candidates perceived as non–pro-people, reflecting heightened democratic awareness and the role of civil society in fostering critical engagement. However, such protest remains unevenly distributed across socio-economic groups
Kendari City, Local Democracy, Local Executive Elections, Regional Autonomy, Voter Perspectives
Copyright (c) 2026 Darmin Tuwu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Financial Distress of Companies Heading Towards Bankruptcy Viewed from the Aspect of Institutional Ownership and Audit Committees
This research aims to analyze the direct influence of institutional ownership and audit committees on the financial distress of companies facing bankruptcy. The research approach is quantitative with causal methods. The research objects were 251 companies that had liquidity difficulties and had the potential to go bankrupt in the 2020-2025 period on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Data analysis was conducted using EViews version 10 to perform path analysis with the t-test. The research results show (1) institutional ownership does not have a significant influence on financial distress; (2) the audit committee has a significant effect on financial distress. Companies are advised to strengthen internal governance mechanisms, especially the audit committee function
Financial Distress, Institutional Ownership, Audit Committees, Companies Bankruptcy
Copyright (c) 2026 Rakhmat Irwansyah, Yohannes Indrayono, Arief Tri Hardiyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Sociology of Military Law: Civil–Military Boundary in Emerging Democracies
This article examines military law through a socio-legal lens by analyzing the civil–military boundary in emerging democracies. Existing scholarship largely approaches civil–military relations from constitutional, institutional, or security sector reform perspectives, often overlooking the sociological dimensions embedded in military legal systems. This study reconceptualizes military law as a socially embedded institution shaped by power relations, professional military identity, and democratic transition dynamics. Using a qualitative socio-legal research design, the study analyzes legal frameworks governing military jurisdiction, civilian supremacy, and institutional practice, complemented by doctrinal analysis and contextual examination of democratic reform processes. The findings demonstrate that the civil–military boundary is not merely a formal constitutional arrangement but a dynamic sociological construct continuously negotiated within institutional settings. Legal norms regulating the armed forces are internalized, contested, and reshaped through legal culture, professional ethos, and broader political transformations. The study reveals that persistent legal dualism and institutional resistance often complicate the consolidation of civilian control in emerging democracies. By situating military law within the sociology of law framework, this research contributes a deeper understanding of how civilian supremacy is institutionalized or challenged beyond formal legal provisions, offering both theoretical insights and policy implications for democratic consolidation
Military Law, Civil–Military Relations, Socio-Legal Analysis, Democratic Transition, Civilian Supremacy
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Fahmi Lubis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mental Attitude of Farmers and the Lack of Interest of Gen-Z in Food Crop Farming in Beru-Beru Village, Kalukku District, Mamuju, West Sulawesi in 2025
This research addresses the theme "Farmer Mental Attitudes and the Lack of Gen-Z Interest in Food Crop Farming in Beru-Beru Village, Kalukku District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province in 2025." The main focus of this study is to analyze the mental attitudes of farmers and to explore the factors causing the low interest of Gen-Z in the field of food crop farming. The approach used is a qualitative method, with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and questionnaires involving five farmers and five respondents from the Gen-Z group in Beru-Beru Village. Research findings indicate that farmers generally have a positive outlook on their profession and are ready to face various challenges, including adopting agricultural technology. Meanwhile, most Gen-Z individuals express interest in agriculture, but they still face obstacles such as limited capital, access to technology, and a lack of training and guidance. A small portion of Gen-Z respondents view agriculture as less aligned with their personal interests and modern lifestyle. The analysis results indicate a gap between the older generation who are still active in agriculture and Gen-Z who do not yet fully consider agriculture as a prospective career choice. Therefore, strategic interventions from various stakeholders are needed to create a more innovative, efficient, and attractive agricultural sector for Gen-Z, in order to ensure the sustainability of agriculture in the future
Farmers' Mental Attitude, Gen-Z, Interest in Agriculture, Food Crops, Beru-Beru Village
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nur Syam Ismaniza A, Indriani, Siti Nurazizah Jufri, Muhsin Husain, Ananda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Spirituality and Cognition in the Curriculum of Christian Religious Education
Christian Religious Education (CRE) carries a formational mandate that extends beyond the transmission of theological knowledge toward the holistic formation of faith, character, and lived Christian identity. However, in many formal educational contexts, CRE remains dominated by cognitive and instructional approaches, while students’ spiritual experiences are insufficiently integrated into the curriculum. This study explores how the integration of spirituality and cognition is experienced and understood by Christian Education students within the CRE curriculum. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through open-ended questionnaires completed by 20 students and semi-structured interviews with seven purposively selected students at a Baptist theological seminary in Jakarta, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that spirituality–cognition integration is experienced as a formational learning process that connects theological knowledge with personal reflection, spiritual growth, and everyday Christian practice. By foregrounding students’ lived experiences, this study offers an empirically grounded contribution to discussions on holistic Christian education, particularly within Global South contexts
Christian Religious Education, Spirituality, Cognition, Curriculum, Qualitative Research
Copyright (c) 2026 Silas Sudarman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Law Enforcement on the Distribution of Alcoholic Beverages based on Bali Governor Regulation Number 1 of 2020 at the Bali Regional Police
The consumption of alcoholic beverages such as arak, brem, and tuak has long been part of Balinese tradition. This study aims to analyze law enforcement regarding the distribution of alcoholic beverages based on Bali Governor Regulation No. 1 of 2020 in the Bali Regional Police and to examine the obstacles faced in its enforcement. This study uses a normative legal method supported by empirical data through field interviews, with a theoretical basis in the Rule of Law, legislation theory, authority theory, and law enforcement theory. The results of the study show a disharmony between regional regulations that legalize the management of traditional Balinese alcoholic beverages and the provisions in the Criminal Code, which have the potential to result in criminal sanctions. The main obstacle to law enforcement is the classification of criminal acts as minor offenses, which does not provide a sufficient deterrent effect. Repressive measures are carried out through routine raids and the confiscation of evidence of violations found
Law Enforcement; Alcoholic Beverages; Bali Regional Police
Copyright (c) 2026 I Komang Widarsana, Ni Ketut Wiratny, Siti Nurmawan Damanik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Motor Vehicle Tax Amnesty Policy Based on Bali Governor Regulation Number 40 of 2025 in Karangasem Regency
Motor Vehicle Tax plays a strategic role as the main source of Local Own-Source Revenue to support regional development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tax amnesty policies based on Bali Governor Regulation No. 40 of 2025 in the One-Stop Integrated Administration System, better known as SAMSAT Karangasem, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. Using a qualitative method with a case study approach, data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the policy has been effective, with revenue realization reaching 110.61% of the set target. This success was supported by intensive communication through the WhatsApp Blast innovation and good inter-agency coordination. However, this policy has not been fully able to build sustainable compliance due to a decline in the compliance rate from 70% in 2024 to 65% in 2025, indicating the emergence of moral hazard where taxpayers tend to wait for the next amnesty program
Motor Vehicle Tax, Tax Amnesty, Bali Governor Regulation No. 40 of 2025
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusti Ayu Komang Widiantari, Ni Luh Putu Widyantari, I Wayan Sutrisna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) in Improving the Quality of Health Services at the BLUD Konawe Utara Regional Hospital
This study examines the implementation of a Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) in improving healthcare service quality at North Konawe Regional Hospital. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using unstructured interviews, observations, and documentation involving key and general informants. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model with NVivo support, and validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that HMIS positively improves service quality by enhancing responsiveness through faster service processes and reduced waiting times, increasing reliability via improved data accuracy, strengthening assurance through data security, supporting empathy by reducing administrative workload, and improving tangibles through information technology utilization. Nevertheless, optimal implementation requires improved infrastructure, enhanced human resource competencies, and continuous management support
Hospital Management Information System, Healthcare Service Quality, Hospital, Information System, Healthcare Services
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Al Rajab, Tawakkal, Nurtantisra, Efa Kelya Nasrun, Ririt Yuliarti Taha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Social Capital in Red Chili Farming in Manimbahoi Village, Parigi District, Gowa Regency
This qualitative study examines the role of social capital in red chili farming in Manimbahoi Village, Gowa. Using a saturated sampling technique, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed via reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal high interpersonal trust and strong social networks among farmers, characterized by mutual assistance and information sharing. However, trust in group leadership remains low, and social norms lack consistent enforcement. While social capital is established, barriers such as individualistic farming patterns and weak institutional cooperation limit the exchange of technology and market information. Consequently, social capital has not been optimally utilized to enhance productivity. Strengthening leadership and formalizing group norms are essential to improve farming competitiveness
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Zulfiah Rahmi.A, Amruddin, Firmansyah, Rahmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Profit to Mission: An Exegesis of Acts 18:1-5 and the Biblical Foundations of Christian Entrepreneurship in the Online Economy
This article aims to reconstruct a Biblical theology of Christian entrepreneurship based on Acts 18:1–5 by positioning work as participation in God’s mission. The study examines the concepts of work, income, mission, and Kingdom orientation through a qualitative exegetical method within a canonical framework, correlating it with Matthew 6:33, 6:24, and 2 Corinthians 5:15. The analysis focuses on the narrative context of Paul’s tentmaking ministry in Corinth as the primary data unit. The findings indicate that profit is subordinate to Kingdom purposes, business serves as a space for testimony, and income supports mission. This study proposes a missional entrepreneurship model that is relevant for digital economy practices and contemporary theological ethics
Acts 18:1-5, Kewirausahaan Kristen, Ekonomi Online
Copyright (c) 2026 Roida Harianja, Parlaungan Nainggolan, Riodinar Harianja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Capital and Village Autonomy in Tourism Development
Community-based tourism village development has emerged as a strategic approach to sustainable rural development in Indonesia. However, the success of tourism village development is not solely determined by natural resource potential and infrastructure support, but is strongly influenced by the social capacity of local communities. Social capital, comprising trust, social norms, and social networks, plays a crucial role in fostering village autonomy in tourism management. This study aims to examine in depth the role of social capital in strengthening the autonomy of Nglanggeran Tourism Village, Patuk District, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, which is widely recognized as a successful example of sustainable community-based tourism development. This study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, including village officials, tourism managers (Tourism Awareness Group/Pokdarwis), community leaders, youth groups, and local residents. Data collection was complemented by field observations and document analysis. Qualitative data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The analysis framework follows a structure of empirical field findings, verbatim quotations from informants, and theoretical interpretation based on social capital theory. The findings reveal that social capital plays a significant role in strengthening the autonomy of Nglanggeran Tourism Village. Trust is built through transparency in tourism management and village financial administration, which encourages consistent community participation
Social Capital, Village Autonomy, Tourism Village, Community-Based Tourism
Copyright (c) 2026 Syamsudin, Mudjia Rahardja, Tommy Hariyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Pesantren Curriculum in Developing 21st Century Skills of Santri at An-Nursali Islamic Boarding School, Binjai
This study examines the implementation of the pesantren curriculum at An-Nursali Islamic Boarding School in Binjai, Indonesia, focusing on the development of 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. Findings show that the integrated curriculum effectively combines religious education, academic subjects, and character development through structured routines and activities like community service and leadership roles. The study concludes that the pesantren curriculum serves as an effective model for fostering essential skills, blending traditional Islamic teachings with contemporary educational needs
Pesantren Curriculum, 21st-Century Skills, Islamic Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fachrul Rozy, Bahtiar Siregar, Muhammad Zakaria (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parity and Interpregnancy Interval as Risk Factors for Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Cross-Sectional Study at Puskesmas Wundulako, Kolaka
This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze parity and interpregnancy interval as risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women at Puskesmas Wundulako, Kolaka. The study involved 80 respondents, including 40 women with hyperemesis gravidarum and 40 without, selected using purposive sampling from the 2024 maternal health register. Independent variables were parity (risky: 1 and >3; not risky: 2–3) and interpregnancy interval (risky: <2 years; not risky: ≥2 years), while the dependent variable was the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests. The results indicated that high-risk parity and short interpregnancy intervals significantly increased the likelihood of hyperemesis gravidarum, highlighting the need for targeted prenatal education and early monitoring at primary healthcare facilities
Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Parity, Interpregnancy Interval, Risk Factors, Primary Healthcare
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumiyati, Hernah Riana, Nurmitasari, Muhammad Al Rajab (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal Protection of Student Press Institutions as a form of Freedom of Expression
This study examines the legal protection of student press institutions as a manifestation of freedom of expression within higher education in Indonesia. Using a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes constitutional provisions, human rights law, and press regulations related to student press activities. The findings indicate that although freedom of expression and press freedom are constitutionally guaranteed, student press institutions remain legally vulnerable due to the absence of explicit recognition under Law No. 40 of 1999 on the Press. This legal ambiguity allows institutional interventions that undermine press independence and academic freedom. Student press institutions play a strategic role in promoting critical discourse, transparency, and democratic values on campus. Therefore, legal protection should be based on the substantive journalistic function of student press rather than its formal organizational status
Freedom of Expression, Student Press, Legal Protection, Academic Freedom
Copyright (c) 2026 Rinjana Kurniawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Blackboard to Digital Platform: The Fate of Classical Learning Theories
This study explores the relevance of classic learning theories—behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, and cybernetics—within the digital education era. Using a qualitative literature review, the research investigates how these paradigms adapt to contemporary learning environments. Findings indicate that digitalization requires adapting student activities to enhance access, process, and interactivity. Specifically, behaviorism guides digital reinforcement, cognitivism facilitates active knowledge construction, humanism emphasizes student-centered self-actualization, and cybernetics focuses on information connectivity. The study concludes that classical theories are not obsolete; instead, they must be integrated into a holistic approach. By combining behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and technological dimensions, educators can optimize learning experiences for digital natives while effectively addressing modern challenges like information overload
Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Humanism, Cybernetics
Copyright (c) 2026 Ambros Leonangung Edu, Yosefina Heleonora Jem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic Resilience and Entrepreneurial Transformation of MSMEs Post-Disaster in West Sumatra: A Phenomenological Study of Disaster-Affected Communities
Natural disasters in West Sumatra significantly impacted the sustainability of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), thus requiring economic resilience and entrepreneurial transformation. This study aims to understand the experiences of MSMEs in building economic resilience and carrying out business transformation after the disaster. The study used a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods to explore the lived experiences of disaster-affected communities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using an interpretive phenomenological approach. The results indicate that economic resilience is formed through adaptability, utilization of social networks, and support from family and government. Entrepreneurial transformation is reflected in business innovation, changes in business models, and the use of digital technology. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening the capacity of MSMEs based on disasters. The research was conducted in several disaster-affected areas in West Sumatra Province, particularly those experiencing natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and landslides
Economic Resilience, Entrepreneurial Transformation, MSMEs, Post-disaster, Phenomenology
Copyright (c) 2026 Rika Verawati, Sri Wahyuni, Lovelly Dwinda Dahen, Stevani, Nisha Selvia, Meri Rahmania (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Panji Narrative Structure in Hikayat Susunan Kuning dalam Negeri Gagelang
This article examines Panji narrative elements in Hikayat Susunan Kuning dalam Negeri Gagelang (HSK) and its transformation within classical Malay literary ideology. Using a qualitative philological and literary analysis, this study analyzes the HSK manuscript (Or. 1755, Leiden University Library) through close reading of characterization, setting, atmosphere, and narrative motifs. The Panji tradition is treated as a court romance model representing noble ideals and political legitimacy. The analysis shows that HSK retains core Panji structures, court centered world, noble heroes, inter-kingdom networks, and motifs of journey, warfare, and marriage, but reorients them toward a heroic-dynastic narrative emphasizing territorial expansion, political stabilization, and state legitimacy. This finding confirms HSK as a Malayized and politicized Panji variant
Panji Stories, Hikayat, Hikayat Susunan Kuning Dalam Negeri Gagelang, Classical Malay Literature, Philology
Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Aji Prasetya, Bani Sudardi, Asti Kurniawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Organizational Climate, Change Process, and Change Openness on Readiness for Change at PT IAS Support Indonesia
This study examines the impact of organizational climate, change process, and openness to change on readiness for change among employees of PT IAS Support Indonesia following a merger. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 300 employees. Multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS revealed that organizational climate (β = 0.32, p < 0.01), change process (β = 0.41, p < 0.001), and openness to change (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) significantly influence readiness for change. These variables collectively explain 67% of the variance in readiness for change (R² = 0.67). The findings highlight the importance of fostering a supportive organizational climate and transparent communication during mergers to enhance employee adaptability. This research contributes to change management literature by validating key drivers of readiness in the context of Indonesian corporate mergers
Organizational Climate, Process of Change, Openness to Change, Readiness to Change
Copyright (c) 2026 Najla Safa Kamila, Amanda Setiorini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Indonesia’s Social Protection Programs in the Period 2015–2025
This study examines the implementation of Indonesia’s social protection programs during the period 2015–2025, with the aim of advancing understanding of how implementation quality and system-level dynamics shape program effectiveness beyond formal policy design. Drawing on qualitative survey data and multiple case studies, the paper contributes to the social protection literature by adopting a systems-oriented and implementation-centered analytical framework. The study identifies persistent challenges related to targeting accuracy, uneven local administrative capacity, and fragmentation across programs, while also highlighting adaptive responses during crisis periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show that implementation quality is a stronger determinant of outcomes than program design alone. These results imply that future social protection reforms should prioritize system coherence, data governance, and sub-national capacity building to enhance equity, resilience, and long-term impact
Institutional capacity, Policy implementation; Social protection, Welfare systems
Copyright (c) 2026 Darmin Tuwu, Liwaul, Muhammad Obie, Ratna Supiyah, Sarpin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Literature Study on the Existence of Institutional Forms Based on Local Wisdom Awig-Awig of Bali, Indonesia
This study analyzes the existence and institutional challenges of awig-awig on the Balinese coast as an instrument of local wisdom in natural resource management. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research evaluates the role of awig-awig, grounded in the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, in maintaining ecological, social, and economic balance. The findings reveal that while awig-awig holds strong legitimacy under Local Regulation No. 4 of 2019, it faces formidable challenges, including overtourism, a leadership regeneration crisis, and the erosion of values due to globalization. Revitalization strategies involving digitalization, tripartite synergy, and traditional education are imperative to bolstering the socio-ecological resilience of coastal areas in the modern era
Awig-awig, Coastal management, Local wisdom, Socio-ecological resilience, Tri Hita Karana
Copyright (c) 2026 Shafira Bilqis Annidaq, Riyanti Rahmawati, Calista Yuditha Kirani, Clarisa Adelya Cinta, Dzikra Rabbani Averouse, Fatharani Andya Nur Rahmani, Karelina Priatna, Raysha Sabina, Siti Aisyah Al-Hidayat, Siti Khairunnisa Ramadhani, Faqih Baihaqi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Infrastructure Readiness and Environmental Cleanliness in Marine Tourism Development: A Case Study of Cikadal Beach, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia
This study analyzes the readiness of infrastructure and environmental cleanliness at Cikadal Beach, Sukabumi Regency, as part of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark. Using a descriptive qualitative method with visual observation, the results of the study show that massive road damage hinders accessibility and increases the safety risks for tourists. In addition, piles of natural waste in the form of unmanaged marine organic material damage the aesthetics of the beach. Based on the Tourism Area Life Cycle model, Cikadal Beach is in the development stage, which requires physical intervention and community-based cleanliness management. Synergy between road infrastructure improvements and environmental preservation is crucial to improve competitiveness and local economic sustainability
Accessibility, Cikadal Beach, Environmental Cleanliness, Infrastructure, Marine Tourism
Copyright (c) 2026 Shafira Bilqis Annida, Faqih Baihaqi, Salsabila Qisti Qwintana E (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impacts of Corporate Presence on Local Communities
The oil and gas industry is frequently positioned as a driver of development in peripheral regions, particularly in resource-rich developing countries. However, such an approach often neglects the social impacts and power relations that accompany the presence of extractive industries in Indigenous territories. This article aims to critically examine the impacts of British Petroleum’s LNG Tangguh project on social transformation, power relations, and community adaptation strategies in Tofoi Village, Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, utilizing in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the extractive industry not only transforms local economic structures but also functions as a hegemonic actor that reshapes social stratification, customary authority, patterns of social relations, and community systems of meaning. Community adaptation strategies reflect practices of survival within an unequal structural context rather than processes of transformative empowerment. This article contributes theoretically by positioning the extractive industry as a form of social hegemony operating through economic, institutional, and development discourses, while offering a substantive critique of prevailing CSR paradigms and technocratic development approaches in Indigenous territories
Extractive Industry, Hegemony, Social Change, Indigenous Communities, LNG Tangguh, West Papua
Copyright (c) 2026 Ricky Mambrasa, Bonaventura Ngw, Wahyu Wiyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Model of Social Conflict Resolution and Resolution from the Perspective of Political Leadership with a Social and Religious Approach
This study examines a model of social conflict resolution from the perspective of political leadership that synergizes with social and religious approaches. Social conflicts frequently emerge in pluralistic societies as a result of differences in interests, identities, and interpretations of values. Responsive and ethical political leadership is regarded as a key factor in effective conflict resolution, particularly when combined with social approaches and religious values that promote peace and tolerance. This research employs a qualitative approach by examining social phenomena within communities, supported by a literature review to analyze the underlying sources of conflict. The findings indicate that sustainable social conflict resolution requires an integrated model that positions inclusive social dialogue and religious values as moral foundations in the processes of negotiation, reconciliation, and the implementation of agreements. This model is expected to serve as a framework that can be adapted to various contemporary social conflict contexts
Conflict Resolution, Political Leadership, Socio-Religious Approach
Copyright (c) 2026 Junaid Gazalin, Ferdiansyah, Razzaq Anderista, Reski, Hasni Nur Ayu Hasni, Alisa Zahra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Consumption Economics Education in Children (Case Study of Junior High School Students in Padang City, West Sumatra)
Consumption economics education in children has an important role in shaping rational and responsible consumption mindsets and behaviors, Economic developments and advances in information technology have brought changes to people's consumption patterns, including adolescents. This study uses a qualitative design with a case study approach with a number of key informants and supporting informants as many as 40 people, key informants of junior high school students in Padang City as many as 28 people. The supporting informants are social studies teachers, parents and curriculum representatives with a total of 12 supporting informants. This research produced four themes, namely: (1) students' understanding of the concept of consumption economics (2) consumption behavior of junior high school students in daily life (3) The role of schools in consumption economics education (4) The role of the family in shaping children's consumption behavior, (5) The influence of the local social and cultural environment. The results of this study show that consumer economics education for junior high school students in Padang City has not been fully effective in shaping rational consumption behavior. There is a gap between understanding economic concepts and daily consumption practices. This condition reinforces the view that consumer economics education needs to be directed towards contextual learning and real-life experiences
Economics Education, Consumption, Junior High School Students, Padang City
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Wahyuni, Jimi Ronald, Vivina Eprillison, Stevani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transformation of Elementary School Teacher Competencies in the Digital Age: Analysis of the Spencer Model in Coding and AI Training in Pinrang Regency
This study analyzes the effectiveness of human resource development for elementary school teachers in Pinrang Regency through training in coding and artificial intelligence (AI), using Spencer and Spencer's competency theory approach. Method: This descriptive qualitative study involved training participants as key informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. Results: Findings show that the aspects of teachers' motives, traits, and self-concept are in the optimal category. Teachers were highly enthusiastic about digital innovation. However, the knowledge and skill aspects still faced significant obstacles, mainly due to non-linear educational backgrounds and network infrastructure barriers in the dissemination process to schools. Implications: This study recommends the need for policy interventions that not only focus on technical training but also infrastructure support and continuous mentoring to ensure effective knowledge transfer
Human Resource Management, Artificial Intelligence
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Ayuni S.A.P., M.A.P., Putri Dzakilla Handayani, Faisal Ardiansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Price Risk of Green and Red Bird's Eye Chili in the Old Market and New Market of Mamuju
This study aims to analyze the price risk of green bird's eye chili and curly red chili in Pasar Lama and Pasar Baru Mamuju, with a focus on price fluctuations and the risks faced by traders and consumers. Price data collected over one week in January 2026 showed that the prices of both types of chili in both markets did not fluctuate, remaining stable throughout the observed period. Analysis using the Coefficient of Variation (CV) showed that the CV value for both types of chili in Pasar Lama and Pasar Baru was 0%, indicating that prices in both markets were very stable with no variation. Therefore, the price risk in both markets can be categorized as very low. The results of this study indicate that both markets have high price consistency, providing benefits for consumers and traders who seek price stability. This study provides important insights into understanding the factors that influence chili price stability in traditional markets and their implications for the local economy
Price Risk, Price Fluctuations, Green Chili, Red Chili, Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Copyright (c) 2026 Ernawaty Mappigau, Sri Mardiyati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Incarnation as a Wonderful Gift: Theological Reflections on John 1:14 in the Context of Christmas
This article examines the incarnation of Jesus Christ as an expression of Amazing Grace, focusing on John 1:14 in the context of Christmas celebrations. The main issue addressed is the tendency to reduce the meaning of Christmas to ritual, cultural, and sentimental events, thereby obscuring the theological dimension of the incarnation as God's grace that transforms life. This study uses a qualitative theological method with a biblical exegesis approach and a literature review of systematic theology and New Testament studies. The analysis is conducted through text observation, study of Greek terms, theological synthesis, and drawing practical implications. The research findings indicate that the incarnation is the most concrete revelation of God's grace, whereby the Word of God is present personally, historically, and transformatively in Jesus Christ. John 1:14 emphasizes that God's grace and truth are not only revealed doctrinally but are also lived out in relationships, the work of salvation, and the daily lives of believers. This article contributes by affirming that Christmas is not merely an annual celebration, but a rhythm of ongoing spiritual life, in which believers are called to be 'Christ's letters' that reflect the values of the incarnation in everyday faith practice
Incarnation, Amazing Grace, John 1:14, Christmas, Christian Spirituality
Copyright (c) 2026 Roida Harianja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0