Parity and Interpregnancy Interval as Risk Factors for Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Cross-Sectional Study at Puskesmas Wundulako, Kolaka

Jumiyati; Hernah Riana; Nurmitasari; Muhammad Al Rajab

doi:10.55927/tabz4e70

Authors

Jumiyati Kebidanan, Institut Kesehatan Dan Teknologi Bisnis Menara Bunda Kolaka Author
Hernah Riana Kebidanan, Institut Kesehatan Dan Teknologi Bisnis Menara Bunda Kolaka Author
Nurmitasari Kebidanan, Institut Kesehatan Dan Teknologi Bisnis Menara Bunda Kolaka Author
Muhammad Al Rajab Administrasi Rumah Sakit, STIKES Pelita Ibu Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/tabz4e70

Keywords:

Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Parity, Interpregnancy Interval, Risk Factors, Primary Healthcare

Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze parity and interpregnancy interval as risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women at Puskesmas Wundulako, Kolaka. The study involved 80 respondents, including 40 women with hyperemesis gravidarum and 40 without, selected using purposive sampling from the 2024 maternal health register. Independent variables were parity (risky: 1 and >3; not risky: 2–3) and interpregnancy interval (risky: <2 years; not risky: ≥2 years), while the dependent variable was the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests. The results indicated that high-risk parity and short interpregnancy intervals significantly increased the likelihood of hyperemesis gravidarum, highlighting the need for targeted prenatal education and early monitoring at primary healthcare facilities

References

Chen, S., Fan, M., Lee, B. K., Dalman, C., Karlsson, H., & Gardner, R. M. (2023). Rates of maternal weight gain over the course of pregnancy and offspring risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. BMC Medicine, 21(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02799-6

Chevalley Gerber, C., Carrard, I., Schmied, M., & Hammer, R. (2025). Food adaptations and challenges during early pregnancy: A qualitative exploration of women’s experience. Midwifery, 150, 104609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2025.104609

Dinkes Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. (2023). Profil Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Kemenkes RI. https://sultra.bps.go.id/id/statistics table/3/YTA1Q1ptRmhUMEpXWTBsQmQyZzBjVzgwUzB4aVp6MDkjMw==/kasus-penyakit-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-jenis-penyakit-di-provinsi-sulawesi-tenggara--2024.html?year=2024

Dinkes Kolaka. (2024). Profil Dinkes Kabupaten Kolaka.

Franz, L., Frosolini, A., Parrino, D., Badin, G., Piccoli, V., Poli, G., Bertocco, A. G., Spinato, G., de Filippis, C., & Marioni, G. (2025). Balance control and vestibular disorders in pregnant women: A comprehensive review on pathophysiology, clinical features and rational treatment. Science Progress, 108(2), 368504251343778. https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504251343778

Gadung, L., Kendu, A., & Jafaru, Y. (2022). Parity and Psychology Analysis with Hyperemesis Gravidarum Incidence in First Trimester Pregnant Women. Open Access Health Scientific Journal, 3, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.55700/oahsj.v3i2.30

Karacan, E., & Karacan, E. (2026). Effects of guided imagery, and breathing exercise device on nausea-vomiting, and anxiety in hyperemesis gravidarum. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2026.2615083

Kemenkes. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia.

Kepley, J. M., Bates, K., & Mohiuddin, S. S. (2025). Physiology, Maternal Changes.

Kjeldgaard, H. K., Vikanes, Å., Benth, J. Š., Junge, C., Garthus-Niegel, S., & Eberhard-Gran, M. (2019). The association between the degree of nausea in pregnancy and subsequent posttraumatic stress. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 22(4), 493–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-018-0909-z

Kovacs, C. S. (2000). Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism and Related Disorders During Pregnancy and Lactation. (K. R. Feingold, R. A. Adler, S. F. Ahmed, B. Anawalt, M. R. Blackman, G. Chrousos, E. Corpas, W. W. de Herder, K. Dhatariya, K. Dungan, E. Hamilton, J. Hofland, S. Jan de Beur, S. Kalra, G. Kaltsas, N. Kapoor, M. Kim, C. Koch, P. Kopp, … D. P. Wilson (ed.)).

Kozhimannil, K. B., Casey, M. M., Hung, P., Prasad, S., & Moscovice, I. S. (2016). Location of childbirth for rural women: implications for maternal levels of care. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 214(5), 661.e1-661.e10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.11.030

Kumar, V., Sahoo, P. M., Tripathi, T., & Rout, H. S. (2025). Disparities in spatial access to healthcare facilities for pregnant women: a case study of a hilly region in India. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08478-z

Lee, N. M., & Saha, S. (2011). Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 40(2), 309–334, vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.009

Maslin, K., & Dean, C. (2022). Nutritional consequences and management of hyperemesis gravidarum : a narrative review. Nutrition Research Reviews, 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000305

Mazza, M., Kotzalidis, G. D., Avallone, C., Balocchi, M., Sessa, I., De Luca, I., Hirsch, D., Simonetti, A., Janiri, D., Loi, E., Marano, G., Albano, G., Fasulo, V., Borghi, S., Del Castillo, A. G., Serio, A. M., Monti, L., Chieffo, D., Angeletti, G., … Sani, G. (2022). Depressive Symptoms in Expecting Fathers: Is Paternal Perinatal Depression a Valid Concept? A Systematic Review of Evidence. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101598

Morokuma, S., Shimokawa, M., Kato, K., Sanefuji, M., Shibata, E., Tsuji, M., Senju, A., Kawamoto, T., & Kusuhara, K. (2016). Relationship between hyperemesis gravidarum and small-for-gestational-age in the Japanese population: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 247. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-1041-6

Mu, R., Wu, J., Yu, D., & Xu, Z. (2025). Relationship between inter-pregnancy interval and risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in subsequent twin pregnancies. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 25(1), 805. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07935-z

Ni, W., Gao, X., Su, X., Cai, J., Zhang, S., Zheng, L., Liu, J., Feng, Y., Chen, S., Ma, J., Cao, W., & Zeng, F. (2023). Birth spacing and risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 102(12), 1618–1633. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14648

Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta. Kemenkes RI.

Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005). Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 607–628. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141

Sebastiani, G., Andreu-Fernández, V., Herranz Barbero, A., Aldecoa-Bilbao, V., Miracle, X., Meler Barrabes, E., Balada Ibañez, A., Astals-Vizcaino, M., Ferrero-Martínez, S., Gómez-Roig, M. D., & García-Algar, O. (2020). Eating Disorders During Gestation: Implications for Mother’s Health, Fetal Outcomes, and Epigenetic Changes. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8, 587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00587

Sinaga, K., Surbakti, I. S., & Sinaga, A. (2024). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Pagar Merbau Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2023. Nursing Applied Journal, 2, 127–140.

Sonnentag, S. (2018). The recovery paradox: Portraying the complex interplay between job stressors, lack of recovery, and poor well-being. Research in Organizational Behavior, 38, 169–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2018.11.002

Sugiono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung : Alfabeta, CV.

Vadakekut, E. S., & Mahdy, H. (2025). Hyperemesis Gravidarum.

Val, A., & Míguez, M. C. (2023). Prevalence of Antenatal Anxiety in European Women: A Literature Review. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 20, Nomor 2, hal. 1098). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021098

Ytterberg, K., Jacobsson, B., Flatley, C., Juodakis, J., Nilsson, S., & Solé-Navais, P. (2023). Exploring the association of parity and its interaction with history of preterm delivery on gestational duration. Annals of Epidemiology, 87, 60-68.e7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.09.004